Wall construction



Nom l, 1938. H J, SCHUBERT 2,134,894

WALL CONSTRUCTION Filed March 29, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 www/W21 Patented Nov. 1, 1938 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 5 Claims.

This invention relates to the construction of. walls for buildings and has for its object sim plicity, cheapness, durability, strength and speed in construction regardless of weather conditions. But the supreme objective being the introduction of interlocking devices in the construction ci walls, adapted to eliminate the use of mortar as a means of bonding one unit to each other ver tically and horizontally.

The material consisting of cast or pressed interlocking tiles or slabs and interlocking uprights pre-manufactured. The tiles or slabs are used in my improved wall construction for the outer and the inner walls. The interlocking uprights, manuiactured in suitable widths, are used for the spacing and interlocking of outside to inside walls and for the aligning and interlocking of all vertical superposed courses of slabs to a homo-- geneous structure.

The annexed drawings illustrate my invention.

Figure 1 is a perspective View of a corner section of my improved building construction.

Figure" 2 is a perspective view of an interlocking upright.

Figure 3 is a perspective view of a interlocking corner upright.

Figure 4 is a horizontal sectional corner plan as shown in Figure l.

Figure 5 is a cross out of the vertical longitudinal corner section of Figure 4 on line 5,5.

Figure 6 is an innerside elevation of one of the slabs or tiles.

Figure 7 is a perspective view of a short slab.

The tiles or slabs I3 and uprights Il are cast or molded in any desired manner from any species of concrete or other suitable composition employing ingredients that are proper to create these artificial stone units of a building wall. I claim a wide latitude of shape and material for their manufacture. They are provided as coinpleted units, ready for use in my improved build ing construction.

Figure 6 shows one of these slabs I3 in detail. Its outer surface is preferably smooth, the inner surface is also smooth but having dovetailed vern tical grooves I6 spaced in proper distance to each other being the means to anchor said slab I3 to dovetailed uprights I'I as shown in Figure l and Figure 4. These slabs I3 also having a tongue I4 on one longitudinal and on one transverse edge, while the other edges have grooves I5.

Figure 1 shows a plurality of these slabs i3 properly assembled to a corner of a wall as would be required in the construction of a building, with tongues I4 and grooves I5 interlocking on all edges with the corresponding tongues i4 and grooves I5 of adjoining slabs I3, tting neatly together Without mortar. The slabs I3 comprising the outer wall II, are composed preferably .two part of a composition of cement, sand and crushed stone and having a waterproof veneer of any desired color on its outer surface. The slabs I3comprising the inner wall lll are in shape and formation the same as slabs E3 for outer walls but its composition consists ci cement and cinders or other suitable ingredients to produce a strong but soft porous wall to permit a nishing coat to be applied directly to the walls, eliminating urring and lathing, also permitting the fastening of trim and mouldings.

Figure 2 shows the interlocking upright Il having dovetailed grooves I8 and half round vertical grooves X which serve as airchannels by which contact with walls are reduced to a minimum. A plurality of the interlocking uprights Il are used in the construction of a wall, the height equals that of the slabs I3, the width depends upon the required thickness of the wall. The function of the uprights Il are manifold. They are adapted to space and interlock the inner wall Il! to outer wall II by the insertion of dovetailed ends I8 into the dovetaled groove I5 in slabs I3 and to align and interlock superposed vertical, horizontal rows of slabs I3 to each other into a rigid wall.

Figure 3 is two sections of interlocking corner uprights I 9 with legs Z22 and space 2l between legs and dovetailed grooves 2i) and half round end grooves X. Section l 9 with legs 22 down, is placed crosswise into space 2| between legs 22 of lower section I9, sliding one into the other, interlocking both sections in form of a cross. In this manner they are placed in the space between the inner and outer walls at the corners as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4 in superposed vertical series, engaging the dovetailed grooves i6 in outer and inner walls and dovetailed groove l 5 in short slab ll, spacing and interlocking all parts iirmly into a rigid corner.

Figure 4 is a horizontal View oi a corner section as shown in Figure 1 with a plurality of slabs I3 in `position forming the outer and inner wall of a corner, with uprights Il placed between the Walls spacing and interlocking outer to inner Walls and with corner uprights I 9 and short slab 23 in proper position spacing and interlocking corner slabs. It will be noted that one of the slabs i3 forming the inner corner is extending through air space between the walls abutting slab I3 in f outer wall of opposite angle, while inner corner slab I3 in transverse angle is cut short abutting fermer slab I3, while short slab 22 placed between the walls takes the place of short cut slab i3 ir" such had continued. 'Ine placing ci inner corner slabs I3 and short slab 23 is alternated in every superposed course.

Figure 5 isa crosscut of the corner section shown in-Figure 4 on line 5 5 showing the relative positions of uprights I'I in Figure 2 and the corner uprights I9 in Figure 3 when assembled in a wall in proper manner. It will be noted that the uprights I1, as shown in Figure at the bottom row are only one half in size of height for the obvious reason to provide a starting point for the normal units of uprights I'I which lie in the vertical center of slabs I3. From this point the uprights I'I, mounted one upon another with mortar between each unit, extend in vertical superposed rows from center to center of superposed vertical rows of slabs I3, engaging dovetailed grooves IG thereby alining and interlocking all superposed vertical rows of slabs firmly to each other.

The corner uprights I9, Figure 3,are mounted in a similar manner but crosswise as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 4 in vertical series with mortar between joints, one section engaging outer and inner wall slabs I3, the other outer slab I3 and short slab 23. Figure 1 and Figure 4 illustrate plainly the constructions of the outer and inner corner of a building. It will be noted that in forming the inner corner, that slab I3 in one angle does not stop at the point of intersection but continues through air space to outer wall, whereas the slab I3 in the other angle stops at point of intersection, but is continued through air space by the use of short slab 23. This formation is alternated in each superposed series. 'I'he portion of slab I3 extending through air space in the one angle and the short slab 23 in the other angle are the means to interlock outer to inner corner slabs. 'I'he corner slabs of outer Walls are preferably mitered.

For the construction of a building a perfectly level footing must be provided. After setting up the cellar walls, the airspace of that portion lying below grade must be filled with rich concrete to produce a waterproof wall.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim is:

1. In the construction of buildings of hollow walls, composed of precast fiuted dovetailed uprights of suitable lengths, placed vertically in horizontal rows upon a level footing course, spaced uniformly with dovetailed sides facing inwardly and outwardly and one row upon the other extending progressively through the full heights of the walls, of premanufactured slabs or tiles of suitable composition having tongue and grooves on their edges and dovetailed vertical grooves on inner surface; applied vertically in superposed horizontal staggered rows to the inner and cuter sides of uprights with dovetailed grooves engaging dovetailed sides in uprights in such a manner that the joints in uprights will be in the center of a horizontal superposed row.

2. In the construction of hollow walls for bulldings the combination of outer and inner walls, composed of a plurality of precast interlocking unit slabs, having tongue and grooves on the edges and vertical dovetailed continuous grooves on the inner surface, arranged in superposed horizontal staggered rows, of precast interlocking dovetailed starter uprights being one half of unit height placed between outer and inner walls engaging dovetailed grooves in lower half of first row of slabs, of precast interlocking dovetailed unit uprights mounted upon the starters and one upon another with mortar between the joints in vertical rows extending from starters to center of upper row of slabs and from center to center of superposed rows engaging dovetailed grooves in slabs, spacing and interlocking outer to inner 'walls and interlocking and aligning consecutive superposed rows of slabs and all adjoining slabs one to another.

3. In the construction of hollow walls for buildings the combination of outer and inner walls, composed of a plurality of precast interlocking unit slabs having tongue and grooves on the edges and vertical dovetailed continuous grooves on the inner surface, arranged vertically in horizontal staggered rows without mortar, outer walls slabs composed of waterproof concrete or composition, inner slabs composed of cinder concrete or other porous composition, of vertical air ducts between the walls, of interlocking dovetailed starter uprights betweenl the walls engaging dovetailed grooves in lower half of first row of slabs of precast interlocking dovetailed unit uprights mounted upon the starters and one upon another with mortar between the joints in vertical rows, extending from starters to center of upper row of slabs and from center to center of superposed rows, engaging dovetailed grooves in slabs, spacing and interlocking outer to inner walls, and interlocking and aligning consecutive superposed rows of slabs and all adjoining slabs one to another.

4. In the construction of hollow walls for buildings the combination of outer and inner walls, composed of a plurality of precast interlocking unit slabs having tongue and grooves on the edges and vertical continuous dovetailed grooves on the inner surface placed vertically in superposed horizontal staggered rows without mortar, of precast interlocking .dovetailed uprights between the walls mounted upon starters and one upon another with mortar between the joints in vertical rows engaging dovetailed grooves in walls, of air ducts between the walls, of a short slab having a dovetailed groove on the inner surface and a tongue on the upper and a groove on the lower edge, arranged at right angle between the walls and in line with intersecting inner corner slabs, of superposed interlocking sectional corner uprights arranged crosswise between walls at corners, one section engaging dovetailed grooves in outer and inner walls, the transverse section engaging groove in outer wall and groove in the short slab spacing and interlocking all corner forming slabs rigidly.

5. In the construction of building walls and corners the combination of outer with inner walls, composed of superposed interlocking dovetailed slabs of superposed interlocking dovetailed uprights between the walls, of an outer corner composed of premanufactured mitered slabs placed at the vertex or point of intersection of outer walls slabs, of an inner corner, composed of slabs emanating from point of intersection in one angle with slabs at the other angle emanating from the outer wall, transversing point of intersection, alternating in superposed sections, of a short slab having dovetailed Vertical groove, tongue on upper and groove on lower edge arranged at right angle between outer and inner walls of interlocking dovetailed corner uprights, composed of two interengaging sections, arranged crosswise in corner space between inner and outer walls, engaging dovetailed grooves in outer and inner walls and dovetailed groove in short Slab, spacing and interlocking all corners forming slabs rigidly.

HERMANN J. SCHUBERT. 

